Yes, you too can see through the defenses people hide behind. To guide you, just consult the handy primer below. Put together by psychiatrist Emanuel H. Rosen, it distills years of Freudian analytical training into a few simple principles that make sense of our psyches.

I have always thought it horribly unfortunate that there is such a tremendous gap between psychiatry and popular culture. Psychiatrists are regularly vilified in entertainment, media, and common thought, and our patients are regularly stigmatized. Indeed, I’ve yet to see a single movie that accurately portrays what we do. From Silence of the Lambs to The Prince of Tides, we shrinks have a reputation as crazy unbalanced people who can read people’s minds. Even the hit comedy The Santa Clause made us out to be bimbos.

To some degree, we’ve gotten just what we deserve. We’ve allowed ourselves to become, in the public mind at least, mere pill-pushers and to have our uncommon sense dismissed as having zero significance—when, in fact, it applies to every moment of every person’s life. It is our failure to educate our patients and the general public about the deeper principles of human functioning that have left us so isolated from our communities.

Most patients come to psychiatrists because they recognize that, to some degree, their perceptions contain some distortions. These are usually defensive. For example, a 40-year-old woman may begin her first session with a psychiatrist complaining of a “biological depression” and demanding Prozac. By the end of the hour, however, she may acknowledge that her husband’s 10-year refusal to have sex may have as much to do with her unhappy mood.

In my practice, I’ve engaged in a kind of educational psychotherapy, explaining simply to patients what they are doing and why they are doing it. The result has been not only remarkably effective but catalytic in speeding up the process of psychotherapy The same approach can help the general public delve beneath social images and better understand the deeper struggles of the people around them, and of themselves as well.

Ideas and principles can be introduced directly without the jargon psychiatrists normally hide behind in professional discussions. Doing this in a compassionate and empathic way could lead to a broadening of the vocabulary of the general public and bring about a wider acceptance of certain basic psychological truths.

The core of what we do as psychotherapists is strip away people’s protective strategies. If you understand these defensive strategies and the core issues people tend to defend themselves against, you can see through people and, to a lesser extent, yourself.

Here, then, are some general principles to help you think like a shrink. Master them and you will—in some cases dramatically—increase your understanding of the world around you. You can see through people. You can read their minds.

1. If you want to know how emotionally healthy someone is, look only at their intimate relationships.

Good-looking, athletic, charismatic, confident, rich, or intelligent people are not always emotionally healthy. For example, chronologically, they may be adults, but emotionally, they may be two-year-olds. You will not really be able to make any kind of accurate, in-depth assessment of people until you learn to distinguish their superficial physical qualities from meaningful emotional ones.

There are at least three key things you want to know:

o Most importantly, how long-lived and committed are their current intimate relationships?

o Secondly, how much negative conflict do they experience in their work environments and how long have they held their current jobs?

o Finally, what was their childhood experience like in their family of origin? Or, in plain English, did they get along with their family?

2. How you feel about yourself (your self-esteem) is significantly determined by how nurturing your mother, father, and siblings were to you when you were growing up—especially your mother, though it is not politically correct to say so.

It is not that mothers are to blame for all of a patient’s problems. It is simply that stable healthy mothering is a strong buffer against a tremendous amount of pathology.

3. How you relate to intimate people is always based on how you related to your family when you were growing up.

Basically, we all keep our families with us forever. We keep them in our heads. For the rest of our lives, we will have tendencies to either take on the roles of our childhood selves or those of our parents.

Examine carefully your relationships with your family. It will tell you a lot about who you are.

4. We all play to a hidden audience—Mom and Dad—inside our ‘heads.

You often see people do strange things in their interpersonal interactions. “Where did that come from?” you often ask. It came from a hidden screenplay that was written in that person’s head.

Ostensibly, he’s reacting to you, but in his head, he’s reacting to his mother. In fact, the less he remembers of his childhood, the more he is going to act out with you.

This leads nicely to…

5. People who say they “don’t remember” their childhood are usually emotionally troubled.

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